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Folk Music:Communities of folk Musicians
There
is a great tradition of popular poetry, which is written under the rival
banners of Turra and Kalangi. This is sung in groups
in Jikri, Kanhaiyya or Geet (of the Meenas), Hele-ke-Khyal and Bam rasiya
of eastern Rajasthan. Group singing of classical bandishes called the
Dangal or taalbandi is also unique to this region. Bhopas are singing
priests of various deities or warriors saints. The Bhopas of Mataji wear
red costumes and play the mashak. Dance is often part of the musical
tradition and the Thories or Nayaks who are Pabu Bhopas, have a female
accompanist; together they recite the Phad (a painted ballad). The Phad
itself is an elaborately painted work of art and deeply venerated. The
chinpas or Joshis are famous Phad painters.
The Jogis were
well-known for their recitation of the great ballad Nihalde Sultan,
Shiviji-ka-byawala and songs about Gopi Chand and Bhartrihari. Most of
these musical communities have a rural and function as wandering minstrels
travelling from villages. There are many other artists in different art
froms who use music as an accompaniment. The Dholies, also known as
Mirasis, Dhadhies, Manganiyars and langas are known for their distinct
musical styles.
State and royal patronage elevated some of these
musicians into Kalawants in the royal courts. Their music had acquired a
sophistication that was absent from the rustic tones of the others. The
famous Maand of Rajasthan, which is unique style of Rajasthan, which is a
singing and a core melody, is their creation. True to its desert Ramayan
are popular themes for ballad and the Mirasis and Jogis of Mewat have a
delightful folk versions of the court while Hadoti has the Ramayan of Dhai
Kadi.
Folk
opera is another field, which has been immensely popular by the
professionals, often in association with amaeurs, often in association
with amateurs. The Chairwai and Kuchamani Khyals, Maach of Chittaurgarth
area, Tamasha of Jaipur and Rammat of Bikaner are famous.
The
Nautanki and Rasleela are also seen in western Uttar Pradesh, but sadly,
the Alinakshi Khyal the original Bhawai palys (which still have a strong
presence in Gujarat and the musical tradition of the Rasadharies and
Rawals are new extinct. The state government has provided patronage and
opportunities for self employment for folk artists by organizing fairs,
festivals and cultural programs. It has also aroused and directed the
interest of the local people towards our rich cultural heritage.